Interview with a paediatric allergist: Dr. Morel

What are the first signs that a child might have a food allergy and when and where should parents seek testing?

Early signs of food allergies in infants

 

According to Dr. Morel, paediatric allergist at the CHL Kannerklinik in Luxembourg, one of the earliest signs that may indicate a food allergy in infants is moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (eczema) that does not improve despite regular use of moisturising creams.

 

Other possible warning signs include digestive symptoms, such as repeated vomiting, feeding difficulties, excessive crying, or poor sleep. Parents should also pay attention to changes in their baby’s behaviour, as discomfort or pain may present in subtle ways.

 

Which children are at higher risk?

 

Some infants have a higher risk of developing IgE-mediated food allergies. (IgE allergies are “immediate” allergies caused by the immune system producing IgE antibodies, which can lead to quick reactions such as hives, vomiting or breathing difficulties.)

 

This higher risk is seen particularly in children with a first-degree family history of atopy, for example, when a parent or sibling has asthma, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), eczema or food allergies, as well as in children born by caesarean section.

 

Foods that commonly trigger early reactions in infants

 

Parents may notice symptoms within one hour after eating when introducing certain foods for the first time, such as:

• The first bottle of cow’s milk
• Porridge or wheat-based cereals
• Egg

 

What to do if you suspect a food allergy?

 

If a child shows signs of a possible food allergy, Dr. Morel stresses that it is important not to stop introducing other allergens unnecessarily. Current international guidelines recommend introducing allergens from 4 - 6 months of age, when developmentally appropriate.

 

Each child must be assessed in their overall context. For example, a baby with significant eczema with a parent with asthma or another allergic condition is at higher risk, and a specialist consultation becomes more urgent.

 

The role of the paediatrician and early referral

 

Dr. Morel advises parents to start by consulting their paediatrician, who can guide families on early allergen introduction based on international recomme
ndations. However, she notes that awareness of these guidelines may vary.

In more severe cases, such as a strong family history of allergies or clear reactions to foods, paediatricians should refer families to the paediatric allergy department at the Kannerklinik or other specialists involved in early introduction of food allergens.

 

Why early diagnosis matters

 

Dr. Morel is increasingly focusing on treating very young children, as early diagnosis allows for earlier interventions, such as oral immunotherapy and structured allergen introduction. Starting treatment early can help reduce the risk of developing additional food allergies and is often more effective when begun at a young age.